Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century

CHAPTER 41: CULTURE WARS

1. Allan Bloom, Giants and Dwarves: Essays 1960— 1990, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990; Touchstone paperback, 1991, pages 16–17.

2. Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987; Penguin 1988.

3. Ibid., page 49.

4. Ibid., page 122.

5. Ibid., page 91.

6. Ibid., page 141.

7. Ibid., page 254.

8. Ibid., page 301.

9. Bloom, Giants and Dwarves, Op. cit., pages 24— 25.

10. Harold Bloom, The Western Canon, New York: Harcourt Brace, 1994.

11. Ibid., page 38.

12. Ibid., page 30.

13. Ibid., page 48.

14. Ibid., pages 371ff.

15. Ibid., page 41.

16. Lawrence Levine, The Opening of the American Mind, Boston: Beacon Press, 1996.

17. Ibid., pages 91ff.

18. Ibid., page 16.

19. Ibid., page 83.

20. Ibid., page 86.

21. Ibid., page 158.

22. Martin Bernal, Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilisation, London: Free Association Books, 1987; Vintage paperback, 1991.

23. Ibid., page 239.

24. Ibid., pages xxiv, xxvi and xxvii.

25. Ibid., page 18.

26. Ibid., page 51.

27. Ibid., page 31.

28. Mary Lefkowitz and Guy MacLean Rogers, Black Athena Revisited, Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

29. Ibid., page 113.

30. Ibid., pages 112ff.

31. Ibid., pages 431–434.

32. C. A. Diop, The African Origin of Civilisation: Myth or Reality?, Westport, Connecticut: Lawrence Hill, 1974.

33. Lefkowitz and Rogers, Op. cit., page 21.

34. Edward T. Linenthal and Tom Engelhardt (editors), History Wars, New York: Metropolian Books/Holt, 1996.

35. Ibid., pages 35–40.

36. Ibid., pages 52 and 59.

37. Roger Kimball, Tenured Radicals: How Politics Has Corrupted Our Higher Education, New York: Harper & Row, 1990.

38. Ibid., pages 46ff.

39. Ibid., pages 96ff.

40. Dinesh d’Souza, Illiberal Education: The Politics of Sex and Race on Campus, Glencoe: The Free Press, 1991.

41. Ibid., page 40.

42. Ibid., page 70.

43. Ibid., page 226.

44. Ibid., page 241.

45. Martha Nussbaum, Cultivating Humanity: A Classical Defence of Reform in Liberal Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1997.

46. Ibid., page 85.

47. Ibid., page 53.

48. Ibid., page 94.

49. Ibid., page 105.

50. Ibid., pages 277–278.

51. David Denby, Great Books, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

52. Ibid., page 13.

53. Ibid., page 459.

54. Ibid., page 461.

55. Ibid., page 457.

56. Ibid., pages 457–458.

57. Harold Bloom, Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human, London: Fourth Estate, 1999, pages 4–5.

58. Ibid., page xvii.

59. Ibid., page 715.

60. Ibid., page 745.

61. Gertrude Himmelfarb, On Looking into the Abyss, New York: Knopf, 1994.

62. Ibid., page 4.

63. Ibid., page 6.

64. Ibid., page 83.

65. Ibid., page 8.

66. Ibid., page 104.

67. Ibid., page 24.