Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century

CHAPTER 37: THE WAGES OF REPRESSION

1. Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On, New York: St Martin’s Press, 1987, Penguin 1988, pages 20 and 93–94.

2. For an account of the gay community on the eve of the crisis, see: Robert A. Padgug and Gerald M. Oppenheimer, ‘Riding the Tiger: AIDS and the Gay community,’ in Elizabeth Fee and Daniel M. Fox (editors), AIDS: The Making of a Chronic Disease, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 1992, pages 245ff.

3. Shilts, Op. cit., page 94.

4. Ibid., page 244. See also Fee and Fox (editors), Op. cit., pages 279ff for an account of HIV in New York.

5. Weatherall, In Search of a Cure, Op. cit., pages 240–241.

6. W. F. Bynum and Roy Porter, Companion Encyclopaedia of the History of Medicine, Volume 1, London: Routledge, 1993, page 138.

7. Weatherall, Op. cit., page 241.

8. Bynum and Porter, Op. cit., volume 2, page 1023.

9. Weatherall, Op. cit., pages 224–226.

10. Ibid.

11. Bynum and Porter, Op. cit., pages 1023–1024 for a more complete history.

12. Mirko D. Grmek, A History of AIDS, Princeton and London: Princeton University Press, 1990, pages 58–59.

13. Shilts, Op cit., pages 73–74 and 319.

14. Grmek, Op. cit., pages 62–70. Shilts, Op. cit., pages 50–51.

15. For a short but balanced history of cancer, see David Cantor, ‘Cancer,’ in Bynum and Porter, Op. cit., volume 1, pages 537–559.

16. Harold Varmus and Robert Weinberg, Genes and the Biology of Cancer, New York: Scientific American Library, 1993. A large study in Scandinavia, reported in July 2000, concluded that ‘environmental factors’ accounted for more than 50 per cent of cancers.

17. Ibid., page 51.

18. Ibid., page 185.

19. Susan Sontag, Illness as Metaphor, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1998; published in paperback with AIDS and its Metaphors, 1990.

20. Sontag, Op. cit., page 3.

21. Ibid., pages 13–14.

22. Ibid., pages 17–18.

23. See above, note 19, for publication details.

24. Sontag, Op. cit., page 124.

25. Ibid., page 165.

26. Ibid., page 163.

27. Shilts, Op. cit., page 453.

28. For a whole book dedicated to the effect of AIDS on the artistic community, see James Miller (editor), Fluid Exchanges, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.

29. Jeffrey Masson, Against Therapy, London: Collins, 1989, Fontana paperback, 1990, page 165.

30. Ibid., page 185.

31. Ibid., page 101.

32. For Maslow, see ibid., chapters 7 and 8, pages 229ff and 248ff respectively.

33. Ernest Gellner, The Psychoanalytic Movement: The Cunning of Unreason, London: Paladin, 1985, Fontana, 1993.

34. Ibid., pages 36–37.

35. Ibid., page 76.

36. Ibid.

37. Ibid., page 162.

38. Ibid., page 104–105.

39. Jane Howard, Margaret Mead: A Life, Op. cit., pages 432ff.

40. Derek Freeman, Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1983.

41. Howard, Op. cit., page 435.

42. Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Mankind from Antiquity to the Present, London: HarperCollins, 1997, page 596.

43. Ibid., page 718.