Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century

CHAPTER 19: HITLER’S GIFT

1. Stephanie Barron, Exiles and Emigrés, Op. cit., pages 136–137.

2. Ibid., pages 16–18.

3. Ibid., page 14.

4. Laura Fermi, Ilustrious Immigrants, Op cit., pages 66–68.

5. Jarrel C. Jackman and Carla M. Borden, The Muses Flee Hitler, Op. cit., page 218.

6. Ibid., page 219.

7. Ibid., pages 206–207.

8. Ibid., pages 208–226.

9. Barron, Exiles and Emigrés, Op. cit., page 19. See also Lewis A. Coser, Refugee Scholars in America: Their Impact and Their Experiences, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1984, has entire chapters on, among others: Kurt Lewin, Erik Erikson, Wilhelm Reich, Bruno Bettelheim, Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, Paul Lazarsfeld, Ludwig von Mieses, Karl Polanyi, Hannah Arendt, Thomas Mann, Vladimir Nabokov, Roman Jakobson, Erwin Panofsky, Hajo Holborn, Rudolf Carnap and Paul Tillich.

10. Elisabeth Kessin Berman, ‘Moral Triage or Cultural Salvage? The Agendas of Varian Fry and the Emergency Rescue Committee,’ in Barron, Exiles and Emigrés, Op. cit., pages 99–112.

11. Varian Fry, Surrender on Demand, New York: Random House, 1945, page 157. Jackman and Borden, Op. cit., page 89.

12. Fry, Op. cit., pages 189–191.

13. Martica Swain, Surrealism in Exile and the Beginnings of the New York School, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1995, pages 124–126.

14. Jackman and Borden, Op. cit., page 90.

15. Coser, Op. cit., ‘The New School for Social Research: A Collective Portrait,’ pages 102–109.

16. Ian Hamilton (editor), The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Poetry, Op. cit., pages 51–52.

17. Barron, Exiles and Emigrés, Op. cit., page 187.

18. Ibid., pages 190ff.

19. Jackman and Borden, Op. cit., pages 140–141.

20. Ibid., pages 142–143.

21. Ehrhard Bahr, Literary Weimar in Exile: German Literature in Los Angeles, 1940–1958, in Ehrhard Bahr and Carolyn See, Literary Exiles and Refugees in Los Angeles, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, University of California at Los Angeles, 1988. Bahr argues that the German writers never fully assimilated in L. A., always keeping their eyes on Germany.

22. Barron, Exiles and Emigrés, Op. cit., pages 358— 359.

23. Ibid., page 341.

24. Bernard Taper, Balanchine, New York: Times Books, 1984, pages 147ff.

25. Ibid., page 148.

26. Richard Buckle, George Balanchine: Ballet Master: A Biography, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1988, pages 61ff.

27. Taper, Op. cit., page 149.

28. Lincoln Kirstein, Mosaic: Memoirs, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1994, page 23.

29. Taper, Op. cit., page 151.

30. Buckle, Op. cit., page 66, says the first meeting was at the Savoy, the second at the Chelsea home of Kirk Askew.

31. Kirstein, Op. cit., pages 247–249.

32. Taper, Op. cit., page 151.

33. Ibid., page 153.

34. Ibid., page 154.

35. Buckle, Op. cit., page 88.

36. Taper, Op. cit., page 156.

37. Ibid., page 157.

38. Ibid.

39. Buckle, Op. cit., page 88.

40. Taper, Op. cit., page 160.

41. Various authors, The Cultural Migration: The European Scholar in America, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1953. Tillich reference: page 155.