Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century

CHAPTER 30: EQUALITY, FREEDOM AND JUSTICE IN THE GREAT SOCIETY

1. Doris Reams, Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream, London: André Deutsch, 1976, pages 210— 217.

2. Friedrich von Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1960.

3. John Gray, Hayek on Liberty, London: Routledge, 1984, page 61.

4. Hayek, Op. cit., page 349; and Gray, Op. cit., page 71.

5. Hayek, Op. cit., pages 385 and 387; Gray, Op. cit., page 72.

6. Hayek, Op. cit., page 385. See also: Roland Kley, Hayek’s Social and Political Thought, Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1994, pages 199–204.

7. Gray, Op. cit., page 73.

8. Ibid.

9. Milton Friedman, with the assistance of Rose Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963.

10. For the difference between this work and Friedman’s later books, see: Eamon Butler, Milton Friedman: A Guide to His Economic Thought, London: Gardner/Maurice Temple Smith, 1985, pages 197ff.

11. Friedman, Op. cit., page 156.

12. Ibid., pages 100ff.

13. Ibid., page 85.

14. Ibid., pages 190ff.

15. Michael Harrington, The Other America, New York: Macmillan, 1962.

16. Though neither Harrington nor Jacobs (see below) are mentioned in Johnson’s memoirs, even though he has a chapter on the war on poverty. See: Lyndon Baines Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives on the Presidency, 1963–1969, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1972.

17. See for example: Arthur Marwick, The Sixties, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, page 260.

18. Harrington, Op. cit., page 1.

19. Ibid., pages 82ff.

20. Kearns, Op. cit., pages 188–189.

21. Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, London: Jonathan Cape, 1962.

22. Ibid., pages 97ff.

23. Ibid., pages 55ff.

24. Ibid., pages 94–95.

25. Ibid., pages 128–129.

26. Ibid., chapter 14, pages 257ff.

27. Ibid., page 378.

28. Ibid., pages 291ff.

29. Ibid., pages 241ff.

30. David L. Lewis, Martin Luther King: A Critical Biography, Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, 1970, pages 187–191.

31. Marwick, Op. cit., pages 215–216; see also: Coretta King, My Life with Martin Luther King Jr, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1970, pages 239–241. New York: Holt, Rinehart, Winston.

32. Lewis, Op. cit., pages 227–229.

33. Ibid., page 229.

34. This list, and the next one, have been assembled from several sources but in particular: Phillip Waller and John Rowett (editors), Chronology of the Twentieth Century, London: Helicon, 1995.

35. Frantz Fanon, A Dying Colonialism, London: Monthly Review Press, 1965, Penguin 1970; originally published as: L’An Cinq de la Revolution Algérienne, Paris, Maspuro, 1959; and Black Skin, White Masks, New York: The Grove Press, 1967.

36. Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1965, translator Constance Farrington.

37. Ibid., page 221.

38. Ibid., pages 228ff.

39. Eventually published as: J. C. Carothers, The Mind of Man in Africa, London: Tom Stacey, 1972.

40. Eldridge Cleaver, Soul on Ice, London: Jonathan Cape, 1968, pages 101–103.

41. Ibid., page 207.

42. Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, New York: Random House, 1969.

43. Ibid., page 51.

44. Ibid., page 14.

45. Ibid., page 184.

46. Ibid., page 201.

47. Jones, Op. cit., page 529.

48. D’Emilio and Freedman, Intimate Matters, Op. cit., page 312.

49. Ibid., pages 302–304.

50. Germaine Greer, The Female Eunuch, London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1971, pages 90–98.

51. Ibid., page 273–282.

52. Juliet Mitchell, Women’s Estate, Penguin: 1971.

53. Ibid., page 75.

54. Ibid., page 59.

55. Ibid., page 62.

56. Ibid. Juliet Mitchell later went on to explore this subject more fully in Psychoanalysis and Feminism, London: Allen Lane, 1974.

57. Kate Millett, Sexual Politics, Op. cit.

58. Ibid., pages 314ff.

59. Ibid., pages 336ff.

60. Ibid., page 356.

61. Heidenry, What Wild Ecstasy, Op. cit., pages 110–111. See also: Andrea Dworkin, ‘My Life as a Writer’, Introduction to Life and Death, Glencoe: Free Press, 1997, pages 3–38.

62. Heidenry, Op. cit., page 113.

63. Ibid., pages 186–187.

64. Ibid., page 188.

65. Marwick, Op. cit., page 114.

66. Kearns, Op. cit., pages 286ff.

67. Robert A. Caro, The Years of LBJ: The Path to Power, London: Collins, 1983, pages 336–337 for background.

68. J. W. B. Douglas, All Our Future, London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1968.

69. Steven Rose, Leon J. Kamin and R. C. Lewontin, Not in Our Genes, New York: Pantheon, 1984, Penguin, 1984, page 19.

70. Christopher Jencks et al., Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effects of Family and Schooling in America, New York: Basic Books, 1972.

71. Ibid., page 8.

72. Ibid., page 315.

73. Ibid., page 84.

74. Ibid., page 265.

75. Ivan Illich, De-Schooling Society, London: Marion Boyars, 1978.

76. Ibid., page 91.

77. Norman Mailer, An American Dream, London: André Deutsch, 1965, Flamingo Paperback, 1994.

78. See: Peter Manso, Mailer: His Life and Times, New York: Viking, 1985, page 316, for overlaps with real life.

79. Norman Mailer, The Armies of the Night, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968.

80. See: Manso, Op. cit., pages 455fr for background.

81. Paul Johnson, A History of the American People, Op. cit., page 555.

82. Ibid., page 557.

83. Ibid.

84. See: Jiang Qing, ‘Reforming the Fine Arts’, in Michael Schoenhals (editor), China’s Cultural Revolution 1966–1969, New York and London: M. E. Sharpe, 1996, page 198.

85. Even unwanted hairstyles were banned. See: ‘Vigorously and Speedily Eradicate Bizarre Hairstyles, a Big-Character Poster by the Guangzhou hairdressing trade,’ in Schoenhals (editor), Op. cit., pages 21off See also Johnson, Op. cit., pages 558— 559.

86. Johnson, Op. cit., page 560.

87. Yu Xiaoming, ‘Go on Red! Stop on Green!’ in Schoenhals (editor), Op. cit., page 331.

88. Zhores and Roy Medvedev, A Question of Madness, New York: Knopf, 1971; London: Macmillan, 1971. For a discussion of Lysenkoism in Communist China, together with an outline of the structure of science and technology, and the impact of scholars who had trained abroad, see: Denis Fred Simon and Merle Goldman (editors), Science and Technology in Post-Mao China, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Council on East Asian Studies/Harvard University Press, 1989, especially chapters 2, 3, 4, 8 and 10.

89. Medvedev and Medvedev, Op. cit., page 30.

90. Ibid., page 51.

91. Ibid., pages 54 and 132.

92. Ibid., page 78.

93. Ibid., pages 198ff.

94. Alexandr Solzhenitsyn, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, New York: Praeger, 1963, translated by Max Hayward and Ronald Hingley. Cancer Ward, London: The Bodley Head, 2 vols, 1968–1969, translated by Nicholas Bethell and David Burg.

95. Michael Scammell, Solzhenitsyn: A Biography, New York: W. W. Norton, 1984, page 61.

96. Ibid., page 87.

97. Ibid., pages 415–418.

98. Ibid., pages 428–445.

99. Ibid., page 518.

100. Ibid., pages 702–703.

101. David Burg and George Feiffer, Solzhenitsyn, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1972, page 315.

102. Scammell, Op. cit., pages 510–511, 554–555 and 628–629.

103. Ibid., page 831.

104. Ibid., pages 874–877.

105. Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago 1918–1956, abridged edition, London: Collins Harvill, 1986. The maps appear after page xviii.

106. Ibid., page 166.

107. Ibid., page 196.

108. Ibid., page 60.

109. Ibid., page 87.

110. Ibid., pages 403ff.

111. For the ‘machinations’ regarding publication in the west, see Burg and Feiffer, Op. cit., page 316n.

112. Isaiah Berlin, Four Essays in Liberty, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969.

113. Ibid., page 125.

114. Ibid., pages 122ff.

115. Ibid., pages 131ff.

116. Ibid., page 132.

117. He seems not have attached as much importance to the idea as others have. See: Michael Ignatieff, Isaiah Berlin: A Life, London: Chatto & Windus, 1998, page 280.

118. Raymond Aron, Progress and Disillusion: The Dialectics of Modern Society, New York: Praeger, 1968, Penguin, 1972. Herbert Marcuse, An Essay on Liberation, Boston: Beacon, 1969, Penguin, 1972.

119. Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968, pages 77ff. Eric McLuhan and Frank Zingone, Essential McLuhan, Ontario, Canada: House of Anansi, 1995, Routledge paperback, London, 1997, pages 239–240.

120. Ibid., page 242.

121. Ibid., page 243.

122. Ibid., pages 161ff.

123. Marshall McLuhan, Op. cit., pages 22ff

124. Ibid., page 165.

125. McLuhan and Zingone, Op. cit., pages 258— 259.

126. Marshall McLuhan, Op. cit., pages 308ff.

127. McLuhan and Zingone, Op. cit., page 261.

128. Guy Debord, La Société du spectacle, Paris: Buchet-Chastel, 1967; The Society of the Spectacle, New York: Zone Books, 1995, translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith. For the ‘one-way relationship,’ see pages 19–29; for the criticism of Boomin, see page 140; for the criticism of capitalism, see page 151.

129. The main ideas are sketched at: John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972, pages 11–22.

130. Ibid., page 19.

131. Ibid., pages 60ff.

132. Ibid., pages 371ff.

133. Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia, Oxford: Blackwell, 1974.

134. Ibid., page 150.

135. See especially: ibid., chapter 8, pages 232ff.

136. B. F. Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity, London: Jonathan Cape, 1972,

137. Ibid., page 32.

138. Ibid., pages 42–43.

139. Ibid., pages 200ff.