Britannica Concise 2005

Philippine Revolution (1896-98) Filipino independence struggle that failed to end Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. There had been numerous quasi-religious uprisings during the more than 300 years of colonial rule, but the late 19th-century writings of Jose Rizal and others helped stimulate a more broad-based movement for Philippine indepen¬ dence. Spain was unwilling to reform its colonial government, and armed rebellion broke out in 1896. Rizal, who had advocated reform but not revolution, was shot for sedition; his martyrdom fueled the revolution. The rebel forces of Emilio Aguinaldo were unable to defeat the Spanish, but the Filipinos proclaimed their independence in the wake of Spain’s defeat in the Spanish-American War (1898). The Treaty of Paris ceded the Philippines to the U.S., however, and Aguinaldo continued the revolu¬ tionary struggle, now against the U.S.; he gave up the struggle after being arrested in 1901. See also Philippine-American War.

Philippine Sea Vfil-s-.penV, Battle of the (June 19-20, 1944) Naval battle of World War II between the U.S. and Japan. On June 19, after the U.S. invaded Saipan, Japan sent 430 planes to destroy U.S. ships but suf¬ fered heavy losses from U.S. carrier aircraft before retiring the next day. Called the greatest carrier battle of the war, it ended with the loss of over 300 Japanese planes and two carriers, while U.S. aircraft losses totaled 130, with minor damage to ships.

Philippines officially Republic of the Philippines Island country, western Pacific Ocean, on an archipelago off the southeast coast of Asia. Area: 122,121 sqmi (316,294 sqkm). Population (2005 est.): 84,191,000. Capital: Manila; Quezon City is the designated centre of national govem-

"^TuF"

1 125 7

'120°

Luzon 1 Strait <

BATAN

ISLANDS

BABUYAN ISLANDS

SOUTH

CHINA

SEA

CapeBoi at^Cl“

Ml Sicapoo A Tuguegarao 7Jl 5f t. luzon

Lmgayenjy . Cauayan •Bayombong

SAN ILDEFONSO PENINSULA

Caloocan. h P0LILL0 ISLAND Manila 3?Quezon c,tv

•Daet Pandan

• D ^*Lucena #Naga CATANDUANES ISLAND A. May on Volcano 8,077 ft.